Dilemma of Immigrants in America Essay - 1391 Words

In the essay, â€Å"American Dreamer† by Bharati Mukherjee, Mukherjee writes about the problems of immigrants nowadays. Because of her families religious tradition, Mukherjee is confined by her permanent identity in her own culture, â€Å"a Hindu Indian’s last name announced his or her forefathers’ caste and place of origin†¦a Mukherjee could only be Brahmin from Bengal†¦my identity was viscerally connected with ancestral soil and genealogy† (Mukherjee 1). From her attitude towards her identity, Mukherjee does not want to confine by the Hindu tradition. She is rebellious against her own culture even though she understands Hindu tradition forbids any assimilation with any other culture. After her marriage with an American of Canadian origin, she†¦show more content†¦Mukherjee’s aim is to enlighten the immigrants through Jasmine, an exemplar in the novel. Mukherjee believes in order to for them to become a â€Å"real’ Am erican, immigrants must disregard their cultural memory and past. In Jasmine, Jasmine has multiple identities throughout the novel. Jasmine left her own country and went to America for a new life. She has encountered many obstacles in America mainly about the struggle of her identities and the differences between cultures. It is possible that Jasmine’s experience in America is derived from Mukherjee’s own experience, especially of their similar belief and character. Jasmine shuttled among identities. She has been called by different names: Jyoti, Jasmine, Kali, Jazzy, Jase and Jane. But four major identities in the novel represent her different transitions of life: Jyoti, Jasmine, Jase and Jane. Jyoti is her biological identity in India. Then, her Indian husband, Praskash, created a new name Jasmine for her to desert her past and she carried this name to America. A turning point that Jasmine finally involved in the American culture is when she worked under the family of Taylor and Wylie in New York, Taylor, who Jasmine in love with, called her Jase. Lastly, her lover Bud in Iowa called her Jane. Each time Jasmine changes her names, she treats her past like dealing with different person. The main purpose of this action is to transform Jasmine to become more Americanize with theShow MoreRelatedThe novel aims at projecting the ethical aspect of Indian immigrants in Jhumpa Lahiri’s debut novel700 Words   |  3 PagesThe novel aims at projecting the ethical aspect of Indian immigrants in Jhumpa Lahiri’s debut novel The â€Å"Namesake†. In the nineteenth century the immigrants were migrating to the west as indentured labourers but now they migrate for the prospect of career building and profit making. But in both the cases culture plays a very important role in their life. In their socio-political liminality and marginal statues, the immigrants enjoy life in economic subjugation but have an emotional emancipation inRead MoreThe Government Must Solve The Immigration Crisis1664 Words   |  7 PagesIt is time for the U.S. government to resolve the immigration crisis, which has not only become an ethical dilemma, but also an economic setback. Finding a solution doesn’t mean drawing up a quick law or rule that will slow down the crisis, we must tackle this dilemma head on ethically in a way that is acceptable for both the government and the public. The rule of law and compassion are intertwined when discussing immigration. Rule of law revolves around the responsibility to those in the countryRead MoreImmigration As An Ethical Issue1148 Words   |  5 PagesIMMIGRATION AS AN ETHICAL ISSUE 2 Immigration as an ethical dilemma has attracted decades of debate. It is an ethical issue that has not found a solution, and it does not appear that it will find one soon. Immigration debates may look interesting but the two antagonistic groups: those who support immigrant and those who oppose them seem to score equally with no solution (Kourtsounis, 2014). The groups that oppose immigration have strongly accused the government for allowing its borders to remainRead MoreMigrant Youth : The United States847 Words   |  4 Pages In the United States, immigrants come from varying countries in search of the American Dream. This dream entails the belief that their lives can be improved because of the various amounts of opportunities in United States. Due to this, thousands of migrant youth move from Central and South America to Texas in search for a better life. By crossing the Rio Grande border, the migrant youth are escaping the corruption and violence in their native country. Although the migrant youth are in search ofRead MoreHow Did World War One Change American Society? Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In 1917 America entered World War one. By doing this America played a grave role in conquering Germany and ushering peace to Europe. However, the Great War also meant that the US would change dramatically through historical issues and changes which resulted in American society. Industries had started to realise that it was not as simple as it was before to abstract the immigrants. As the country developed and became more successful it attracted outsiders who were searching for chancesRead More Italian Immigration and the United States of America Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesand the United States of America Today we live in a world of which some have come to understand where it all came from. So many different little contributions have accumulated over the years to create â€Å"today† in the United States of America. Not one factor is more important than the next, however, some have had a larger, lasting impact today. Immigration and racial discrimination have played the most important role as to why American society has altered. In 1917 America entered World War one.Read MoreAmerican Gulag : Inside U.s. Immigration Prisons917 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation on how detainees are treated in prisons created by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. Some of the prisoners did have felonious conviction and were to be deported. Nevertheless, many of the individuals interrogated were immigrants looking for refuge and were being held in prisons as if they were also offenders. The obnoxious management described in this source anticipates demonstrating how non-citizens have bee n assumed to be lawbreakers. Grassroots leadership. (Aug., 10Read MoreAmerica s 240 Year Old Mixture Of Diversities992 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst time the Mayflower arrived at Plymouth Rock with immigrants from Great Britain looking for a new home in order to have religious freedom. If Americans actually glance back into the history of the United States they will understand that they are all ancestors of immigrants who came from other countries looking for a better life in the new world. What made the United States a powerful country were the positive contributions of immigrants, such contributions were only possible by the numerousRead MoreBorder Blues: the Dilemma of Illegal Immigration791 Words   |  4 PagesBorder Blues: The Dilemma of Illegal Immigration By: Farai Chideya I. Research Question: Immigration is a rapid growing issue for the United States. For a long time people from other countries have been coming here to look for bigger and better things for themselves, as well as for their families. This article digs to the core of the issue, illegal immigration. Chideya wanted to know three things: 1) What is the reality behind the perceptions of Mexican Americans, 2) How do the residents ofRead MoreAmerica s 240 Year Old Mixture Of Diversities982 Words   |  4 Pagesthe first time the Mayflower arrived at Jamestown with immigrants from Great Britain looking for a new home in order to have religious freedom. If Americans actually look back into the history of The United States they will understand that they are all ancestors of immigrants that came from other countries looking for a better life in the new world. Which made The United States a powerful country were the positive contributions from immigrants, which were only possible by the many mixing of races

Err Booklet Free Essays

ERR Booklet Task A – Short Answer Questions Ai – Imagine you are a newly appointed supervisor/manager within your service. You need to update your staff handbook to reflect current employment law. Identify three different sources of information you could use to enable you to do this. We will write a custom essay sample on Err Booklet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Direct. gov website Citizens advice Existing company handbook Aii – List three aspects of employment covered by law Work Conditions (safety, discrimination, accommodation, etc. ) Wages Hours ) List three main features of current employment legislation. Minimum wage Training Holiday entitlements Aiii – Briefly outline why employment law exists. Employment law exists to safeguard the interests of both employers and employees. We understand that this particular area of law is continually developing and it is of critical importance to keep abreast of evolving legislation. Bi – Describe the terms and conditions of your employment as set out in your contract of Employment or employment agreement )Job description – defining the role, responsibility level (eg Manager, Deputy Manager, Assistant etc). It might include limits on decision making/to whom one reports/is supervised by. 2) Entitlement – rate of pay, holiday entitlement, retirement and ill-health b enefits, bonus/overtime rates, uniform and/expenses allowances, canteen facilities, etc. 3) Responsibilities: working hours, dress code, reporting illness/absence, annual assessments, complaints procedures, notice periods for leaving/dismissal, requirements to change working hours. )General: Depending on the type of job, there might be other conditions restricting the employee taking other part-time work, confidentiality clauses, using company equipment for private use (eg phones, computers, vehicles) general codes of behaviour and adherence to certain corporate practices, health safety regulations, etc. The actual format of the contract will vary from company to company. Some will cover more general matters in a Staff Handbook which the employee is required to read and confirm he/she has done so Bii – Describe the information which needs to be shown on your pay slip/statement: Employee’s name Tax code National Insurance Nett pay Payment of overtime, bonus’s or tips Date Company name Payment method Payment period Biii – Identify two changes to personal information which you must report to your employer. Address Bank detail Biv – Describe the procedure to follow if you wanted to raise a grievance at work. You may describe this in writing or produce a flow chart or diagram. 1) Firstly, write to your employer setting out all the details of your grievance. ) Meet with your employer. Your employer should then arrange a meeting to discuss your issue and look at possible resolutions. It is your legal right to take a companion to this meeting, such as a colleague, a trade union representative or trade union official. This companion may speak on your behalf, but may not answer questions on your behalf. 3) Appeal your employer’s decision. After the meeting has taken place, your employer should write to you in a timely fashion with a decision on how your rievance will be resolved. If you are unsatisfied with this decision, then you have the right to appeal. This appeal should again be made in writing, and your employer must arrange another meeting. Bv – Explain the agreed ways of working with your employer in relation to the following areas: Without a job description how would you apply for a job, both you and your employer need to know the perimeters that you will work to be able to determine: the responsibility; the type and class of work you will do and pay scales. Unions will always never agree to working conditions that are not safe or health and safety valued,, however, the employer has a right to expect that when you are working in a firm that your time is productive so implementing ways of working by the use of ‘Time and Motion’ studies is not regarded as being taboo. That is why it is essential that there is communication between employer and employee or the employee’s representative, the Union. How to cite Err Booklet, Papers

Video Analysis Business Model Innovation

Question: Discuss about theVideo Analysis for Business Model Innovation. Answer: Key Ideas of the Video: In the video Business Model Innovation Prof. Dr. Oliver Gassmann talks about the importance of business model innovation for the growth and success of the business organizations. It is true that, in todays more complex and competitive business scenario, each and every organization should adopt as well as implement innovative strategies and techniques in order to accomplish the goals and objective of the organization in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Along with this, innovation is essential for all the industries. It is because of innovation plays a significant role to improve the customer value, to reduce the organizational costs, and to create competitive advantages for the growth of the organizations (HSGUniStGallen. 2013). Moreover, it is also described that innovation is a superior method than any other method adopted by the business firms. In recent years business model innovation has gotten major attention of the business organizations. Moreover, business model i nnovation is accepted as a key element of organizational success. On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, these days, the success of all the famous organizations such as: Apple, Google, etc. only depends on their innovative business models. Apart from this, it is also true that there are some misconceptions that are linked to innovation. For case, it always provides new ideas that nobody used before. The other fallacy is that innovation has need of big resources. The misconceptions related to innovation are not true. It is because of innovation means that how business organizations implement their ideas as well as strategies and also use available resources in a new way (HSGUniStGallen. 2013). Moreover, Prof. Gassmann expresses that initiation, ideation, integration and implementation are the four major components of innovation and business organization must follow these components to accomplish desired results to fulfill the need of customers in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. In this way, it is concluded that, this vid eo illustrates new ideas about the business model innovation and theses ideas will play a crucial role in order to bring revolutionary changes within the industry. Application of Key Ideas of Video: The key ideas that are extracted from the video is already adopted as well as implemented by most of the organizations to accomplish competitive advantages over the competitors. I believe that Nokia should also adopt the idea of business model innovation for the success and growth of the organization. It should be noted down that, in current the productivity and profitability of Nokia is less than other companies like Apple Inc., Samsung, etc. The main reason behind it is that Nokia did not take help of innovation to produce innovative products to satisfy the needs of the customers. For example, Nokia did not produce its cell phones with play store and for that reason; it is unable to satisfy the entertainment needs of customers (Afuah, 2014). For that reason, I believe that Nokia must implement business model innovation to provide customer satisfaction and to improve the goodwill and prosperity of the firm. Pankaj Ghemawat: CAGE Framework to Evaluate International Trade Opportunities Key Ideas of the Video: In the video, CAGE Framework to Evaluate International Trade Opportunities Pankaj Ghemawat portrays the CAGE (cultural, administrative, geographic, and economic) framework for the business organization. It is because of with the help of the CAGE framework, business organizations may evaluate other countries in terms of the distance that subsist between them (Carlson School of Management. 2015). Along with this, with the help of the CAGE framework, it is also expressed that business organizations should not only take in the geographic distance but also include the cultural, administrative, and economic differences or distances between them. Moreover, the CAGE framework plays a significant role in order to provide a broader view of distance and to offer innovative way of thinking on the subject of location and the trade opportunities for the success and growth of the business firms at the global level. On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, the CAGE framework is essential to do business between countries in an effective and an appropriate manner. The framework plays a major role in order to remove cultural as well as trade barriers among the nations. Moreover, with the help of the CAGE framework, business organizations become able to discover locations to purchase raw material at lower costs, to access to markets as well as consumers, and to make valuable decisions for the success and growth of the firms (Carlson School of Management. 2015). In this way, this video demonstrates the key ideas that are related to the CAGE framework. Business organizations can use the CAGE framework to evaluate the trade opportunities and to reduce the trade barriers in order to accomplish the goals as well as objectives of the firms in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Application of Key Ideas of Video: It is true that, in current a few organizations has adopted and implemented the CAGE framework to take advantages of trade opportunities at the global level. Along with this, according to me, McDonald's should use the CAGE framework in order to assess the international trade opportunities in an effective and an appropriate manner. The main reason behind it is that this framework would be helpful to reduce the geographical distance and also remove the trade barriers to McDonald's. It should be noted down that at what time McDonald's tries to enter in new markets or nation than it faces numerous challenges to do its business effectively. It faces difficulties to purchase raw materials in other nations. The firm also faces loads of cultural and trade obstacles within the economy of other nation (Ghemawat, 2013). In this situation, with the help of the CAGE framework, McDonald's would be able to understand the culture and economy of the other nation and also would be proficient to carry out its business in new market and nation effectively. Therefore, I accept as true that McDonald's must take help of the CAGE framework to enlarge its business at the global level. References Afuah, A. (2014). Business Model Innovation: Concepts, Analysis, and Cases. NY: Routledge, Carlson School of Management (2015). Pankaj Ghemawat: CAGE framework to evaluate international trade opportunities. Available At: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FpUJaG7uMk [Accessed on: 21th August, 2016] Ghemawat, P. (2013). Redefining Global Strategy: Crossing Borders in A World Where Differences Still Matter. Boston: Harvard Business Press. HSGUniStGallen (2013). Business Model Innovation. Available At: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4ZSGQW0UMI [Accessed on: 21th August, 2016]

Why did Prohibition Fail Research Paper Example

Why did Prohibition Fail Paper The act of Prohibition was introduced within the American culture during the twentieth century, within the subject of alcoholic abuse and increasing establishments of saloon bars within rural and urban states. The act of Prohibition was introduced due to the strong temperance movements within the rural states present in the nineteenth century; which included Devout Christians and the Anti- Saloon League presenting their ideas and opinions on the effects of alcoholic abuse within the family environment. The members involved within the groups which created the stigma of alcohol, in the act of Prohibition, presented their case on a political view within their local state. The states were persuaded to prohibit the sale of alcohol, which lead into a wide spread National law on the purchase of alcohol. The Prohibition act came into effect on January 16th 1920, as Prohibition became a law under the Volstead act. Prohibition was set to improve the social, health and crime effects of alcohol within the country. The use of patriotic pride was used to decline the alcoholic abuse present within the country; as many German breweries were exporting alcohol which was being purchased by American citizens. The First World War boosted the amount of dries (non-alcohol consumers), due to the un-patriotic movement of drinking German products. The Bolshevism community within the Russian revolution thrived on the use of alcohol, which created lawlessness in society. Russia was one of many countries which introduced Prohibition, known as the Suhoy Zakon, but America wanted to prevent the act of communism within society, which created the final amendment stated. Politicians backed the Prohibition act due to the fears of communism, but with the added bonus of rural votes for the Politicians involved, as this was a strong view present in rural states. Prohibition was present from the 1920s up to the year of 1933, but why did Prohibition fail?. We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Prohibition Fail specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Prohibition Fail specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Prohibition Fail specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This question is a debatable topic within the subject of American History, as Prohibition did prove successful illustrating a decline of alcoholic drinkers, but in this essay I will discuss the problems which ended the law of Prohibition in the 1930s. Prohibition was seen as a successful law within rural states, but many urban states did not comply with the law; which was seen as a failure as a law should apply to all states or districts of a country. The state of Maryland did not introduce the law of Prohibition, which illustrated the first problem involved in the failure of the noble experiment. The poor presence of public support created a downfall for Prohibition which saw the birth of Prohibition agents, two successful agents Isadore Einstein and his deputy Moe Smith. These agents saw the closure of speakeasies within America, as they ordered drinks in the speakeasies, taking samples to arrest offenders. The agents made 4392 arrests within the illegal bars (speakeasies), but public determination on the consumption and purchase of alcohol saw the rise of illegal imports of alcohol, which proved too wide spread for the control of government agents. Enforcement of the Prohibition law proved impossible to keep under control, as illegal imports of alcohol from Canada-across the widespread border and the purchase of alcohol out of USA waters proved inevitable to prevent. The agents were concentrated within the city environments, to prevent the increasing consumption of alcohol in illegal speakeasies. Each agent was poorly funded in the law of Prohibition, which created the rise of illegal stills and bootleggers. Bootleggers produced moonshine, which consisted of a higher concentration of pure alcohol, which caused the deaths of many purchasers of the alcohol. The moonshine contained a high concentration of alcohol, due to the un-professional production of alcohol within stills. Bootleggers became rich people within society, with known fortunes from the Prohibition era, as in the case of Al Capone who earned a vast fortune of $60 million. The production of moonshine saw the increase in illegal stills, with many people making their own whiskey for sale in the speakeasies. Agents seized 280,000 distilleries, but this is only a proportion of stills in use within the period. The Prohibition act is thought to have created more interest in the act of alcohol drinking, as there were more speakeasies than saloons in many cities, due to the vast profit margins involved with selling moonshine. This is one stable reason to conclude the failure of Prohibition, but the factor of crime and gangs- which were supposed to be prevented through Prohibition- contributed to the failure of Prohibition, due to large scale violence within the St. Valentines massacre. The most common image of Prohibition is the era of the powerful gangsters who made their fortunes from the selling of illegal liquor, within local speakeasies of their city. Sources suggest that organised crime gangs made fortunes of about $2 billion out of the trade and sale of alcohol. The gangsters were present all over the USA, but the city of Chicago was closely associated with the presence of gangs. The gangsters on the whole came from poorer immigrant backgrounds, which are closely tied from the melting pot of American society. The concept of immigrants making a fortune off the country which gave them a better quality of life, against the law of the country; I believe is an ironic situation to have, as the guests of a country create fortunes against the political view. This was a large factor of the birth of the gangsters during the era, as they came mainly from Jewish, Polish, Irish and Italian backgrounds. The gangsters were full of cunning and ruthless ideas, which ended in the massacre of many gangs on St. Valentines Day. The gangs fought viciously with each other to control the liquor and Prostitution trade, within the speakeasies environments. The gangs made good use of new technology, with automobiles and the Thompson sub machine gun to concentrate the use of fear and violence on other opposing gangs. Dan OBanion, Pete and Vince Guizenberg, Lucky Luciano and Al Capone were some of the most ruthless gang leaders at the time of Prohibition. In Chicago alone, there were 130 gang member murders within 1926 and 1927 and not one arrest was made. This was the effect of the fear of the gangs, which proved successful in preventing law enforcement against their trade. Gangster leader Al Capone is one of the famous gangsters in relation to the prohibition law, as his tactics of violence and cunning intuition within society illustrated a strong profile in the public eye. Capone was a regular at sport games, with cheered applause of fans as Capone donated generously to local charities, with the case of $30,000 on a soup kitchen for the unemployed. The violent side of Capones leadership was illustrated with the beating of a betrayed member to his loyalty, which included the beating of a baseball bat, causing immense damage to his un-loyal members. The un-predictable behaviour of the gang member proved successful in his own right, with the control of the mayor (William Hale Thompson) under the generous pledges of charity. Prohibition led to a massive widespread corruption within the services of Law enforcement during this period, as fear of gangster violence and briberies persuaded the law enforcement officers to turn a blind eye to the law of Prohibition, which was one of the main reasons for the failure of the noble experiment. Large breweries were bribing many local government officials for their businesses to stay in production. Briberies included money and in some cases alcohol, which was creating a large corrupt police force within larger cities of the USA. The conviction of guilty bootleggers was seen to die out, as many judges accepted the bribe of payment from suspected criminals. A national cartoon from the Prohibition era named- The National Gesture, illustrated the large corruption involved in this time period, due to the illustrated hand behind the back picture incorporated into bribery. Many businesses thrived on the corruption of Law enforcement, but most importantly the law enforcers were making a profit out of the law they were supposed to be protecting, creating a mockery of Prohibition. In conclusion, I believe the most probable reason for the failure of the Prohibition era is the factor of the widespread corruption involved, as law enforcers were making a profit out of a law set by the national government. If the law is not being enforced by the enforcers, then the law is non valid, which was supposed to improve social benefits; but this proved incorrect, as large scale bribery increased the production of alcohol. The prohibition era caused national tax problems, which was successfully reversed in the re-introduction of legal drinking. This factor of tax could be a possible reason for ending the Prohibition on a political view, but I believe the corruption of law enforcement was the most important reason, as there is no law without law enforcement present.

Oreopithecus - Facts and Figures

Oreopithecus - Facts and Figures Name: Oreopithecus (Greek for mountain ape); pronounced ORE-ee-oh-pith-ECK-us Habitat: Islands of southern Europe Historical Epoch: Late Miocene (10-5 million years ago) Size and Weight: About four feet tall and 50-75 pounds Diet: Plants, nuts and fruit Distinguishing Characteristics: Longer arms than legs; monkey-like feet About Oreopithecus Most of the prehistoric primates that preceded modern humans led lives that were nasty, brutish and short, but this doesnt appear to have been the case with Oreopithecusbecause this chimpanzee-like mammal had the good fortune to live on isolated islands off the Italian coast, where it was relatively free from predation. A good clue to the comparatively trouble-free existence of Oreopithecus is that paleontologists have unearthed about 50 complete skeletons, making this one of the best understood of all ancient apes. As so often happens with animals restricted to island habitats, Oreopithecus possessed a strange mix of features, including strong, gripping, monkey-like feet, an ape-like head with teeth reminiscent of the earliest humans, and (last but not least) longer arms than legs, a clue that this primate spent much of its time swinging from branch to branch. (Theres also some tantalizing evidence that Oreopithecus may have been able to walk upright for short periods of time, which has thrown a wrench into the usual timelines for hominid evolution.) Oreopithecus met its doom when plunging sea levels connected its islands with the mainland, whence its ecosystem was invaded by the mammalian megafauna of continental Europe. By the way, the name Oreopithecus has nothing to do with the famous cookie; oreo is the Greek root for mountain or hill, though this hasnt prevented some paleontologists from affectionately referencing Oreopithecus as the cookie monster.

Distilled Doesnt Mean Pure

Distilled Doesn't Mean Pure Heres a comment a reader posted in response to my article on removing fluoride from water:Ive been taught that distilled water is the purest that one can drink. On the original article you write that this is not a safe assumption. How so?Distillation does purify water, but it cant remove all contaminants. Actually, distilled water can be very impure. Consider how distillation works. First, youre basically boiling water and then letting it cool to collect it again. Ideally contaminants with different boiling points will be removed, if you are careful to collect the distilled liquid at exactly the right temperature and pressure. Its not as easy as it sounds. Plus, there are contaminants that wont separate from the water just from vaporization. Sometimes the distilling process actually adds contaminants that werent originally present, from the glassware or metal components.For distilled drinking water, keep in mind even if the distillation process is scrupulous, impurities come from the container into which the water is placed. Heavy metals are used to stabilize packaging plastics and can leach into the water over time. For that matter, plastic monomers coat a new container and become a part of bottled water.Hard Soft Water | Distilling Ethanol for Your Car

Becton Dickinson Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Becton Dickinson Company - Assignment Example If the company were to have a global policy, it should state that company policy prohibits BD employees from soliciting or accepting gifts or gratuities from suppliers or any interest that the company works with. Connected to that, gifts and gratuities should not be sent to BD employees. Gifts and gratuities are either cash or non-cash awards that do not appear on supplier contracts. BD and its employees can only accept payments that are spelled out in such contracts; any other gifts, gratuities, or payments will be rejected. What is not clear from this policy, though, are business meals – which are a necessary part of doing business, but they should not be lavish or frequent. On the subject of â€Å"facilitating payments†, BD should not prohibit them unless the laws of the specific country do. If BD does need to make a facilitating payment, it must state that it will do so in its contract with the recipient of that payment. The process of dealing with distributors, con sultants, and other third parties should be transparent to leadership in each country such that individuals in charge of those relationships are held accountable for their dealings with these other parties. If wrongdoing is discovered, BD should act consistently with its policy to not tolerate corruption. Consistent with the approach of outlining a general, compliant global policy at a corporate level and then leaving much latitude to local entities in carrying it out, responsibility for communicating, monitoring, and enforcing the policy is shared between the corporate and local groups.